-
1 Noble, James
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. 1850s England[br]English inventor of the most generally used wool-combing machine.[br]For many years James Noble had been experimenting with combing machines and had taken out patents, but it was not until he was nearly 50 that he invented a really successful one. In 1853 he took out patents for the machine with which his name has become associated. His invention differed from all others in that the combing and clearing away of the noil was done by and through circles revolving in the same direction with practically the same surface speed. It consisted of a large horizontal revolving circle of vertical pins onto which the wool fibres were fed, and inside this were smaller circles of heated pins revolving at the same speed and which also caught the fibres. The combing occurred at the point where the circles separated. Further rollers drew the fibres off the pins of the other circles. The Noble comb became the machine mostly used for wool combing because of its mechanical simplicity, adaptability for varying classes of wool, superior output and economy, for it required little supervision.[br]Bibliography1853, British patent no. 890 (wool-combing machine). 1853, British patent no. 894 (wool-combing machine).Further ReadingL.J.Mills, 1927, The Textile Educator, London (for a full description of the Noble comb).W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London (provides a good short account of the principles of Noble's machine).RLH -
2 Textiles
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Dore, Samuel GriswoldHeilmann, JosuéLevers, JohnLister, Samuel CunliffeMa JunSong Yingxing -
3 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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Dictionary of Brazilian Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1988.■ TRAVEL AND TOURIST GUIDES ON PORTUGAL■ Ballard, Sam, and Jane Ballard. Pousadas of Portugal: Unique Lodgings in State-owned Castles, Palaces, Mansions and Hotels. Boston: Harvard Common, 1986.■ Bridge, Ann, and Susan Lowndes Marques. The Selective Traveller in Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1968.■ Ellingham, Mark, et al. Portugal: The Rough Guide. London: Rough Guides, 2008 ed.■ Hogg, Anthony. Travellers' Portugal. London: Solo Mio, 1983.■ Kite, Cynthia, and Ralph Kite. Portuguese Country Inns & Pousadas. New York: Warner Books; Karen Brown's Country Inn Series, 1988.■ Lowndes, Susan, ed. Fodor's Portugal 1991. New York: Fodor's, 1990.■ Proença Raúl, and Sant'anna Dionísio, eds. Guía De Portugal. I. Generalidades. Lisboa E, Arredores. Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1924; 1983.■ Robertson, Ian. Portugal: Blue Guide. London: Benn; New York: Norton, 2000 and later eds.■ Stoop, Anne de. Living in Portugal. 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A Situação Social em Portugal, 1960-1996. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 1996.■ Bermeo, Nancy Gina. "Worker Management in Industry: Reconciling Representative Government and Industrial Democracy in a Polarized Society." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 181-98. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■. The Revolution within the Revolution: Workers' Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.■ Braeckman, Colette. Portugal: Revolution surveilée. Brussels: Rossei, 1975.■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel. "O Presidente da República na génese e evolução do sistema de governor portugües." Análise social XXIX, 125-26 (1994): 237-65.■, coord. "Portugal Político 25 Anos Depois." Análise Social XXXV, 154/155 (Summer 2000): 1-404. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Popular Support for Democracy in Post-revolutionary Portugal: Results from a Survey." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 21-42. 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Ramos Silva, eds., Portugal: An Atlantic Paradox, 9-11. Lisbon, 1990. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino. As Eleições De 25 De Abril: Geografia E Imagem Dos Partidos. Lisbon, 1976.■. "10 Anos de Democracia: Reflexos na geografia política." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opelio, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal 1974-1984/ Conflitos e Mudanças em Portugal, 1974-1984, 135-55. Lisbon, 1985.■, et al. As Eleições para assembleia da república, 1979-1983: Estudos de geografia eleitoral. Lisbon, 1984. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino, eds. Portugal em mapas e em números. Lisbon, 1981.■ Giaccone, Fausto. Una Storia Portoghese/ Uma História Portuguesa. Palermo: Randazzo Focus, 1987.■ Gladdish, Ken. "Portugal: An Open Verdict." In Geoffrey Pridham, ed. Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, 104-25. London and New York: Routledge, 1990.■ Graham, Lawrence S. The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.■, and Harry M. Makler, eds. Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Grayson, George W. "Portugal and the Armed Forces Movement." Orbis XIX, 2 (Summer 1975): 335-78.■ Green, Gil. Portugal's Revolution. New York: International, 1976.■ Hammond, John L. Building Popular Power: Workers' and Neighborhood Movements in the Portuguese Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1988.■ Harsgor, Michael. Naissance d'un Nouveau Portugal. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1975.■. Portugal in Revolution. Washington, D.C.: CSIS and Sage, 1976.■ Harvey, Robert. Portugal, Birth of a Democracy. London: Macmillan, 1978.■ Herr, Richard, ed. Portugal: The Long Road to Democracy and Europe. Berkeley, Calif.: International and Area Studies, 1992.■ Insight Team of the Sunday [London] Times. Insight on Portugal: The Year of the Captains. London: Deutsch, 1975.■ Janitschek, Hans. Mario Soares: Portrait of a Hero. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985.■ Keefe, Eugene K., et al. Area Handbook for Portugal, 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Area Studies of American University, 1977. Kramer, Jane. "A Reporter at Large: The Portuguese Revolution." The New Yorker (Dec. 15, 1975): 92-131.■ Lauré, Jason, and Ettagal Lauré. Jovem Portugal: After the Revolution. New York: Straus, Farrar and Giroux, 1977.■ Livermore, H. V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.■ Lourenço, Eduardo. Os Militares e O Poder. Lisbon, 1975.■. O Fascismo Nunca Existiu. Lisbon, 1976.■. "Identidade e Memôria: o caso português." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-l 984, 17-22. Lisbon, 1985.■ Lucena, Manuel. Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." 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Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. 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Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.■ EQUESTRIANISM■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.comHistorical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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4 lady
['leidi]1) (a more polite form of woman: Tell that child to stand up and let that lady sit down; The lady in the flower shop said that roses are expensive just now; Ladies' shoes are upstairs in this shop; ( also adjective) a lady doctor.) dame; dame-; kvindelig2) (a woman of good manners and refined behaviour: Be quiet! Ladies do not shout in public.) dame3) (in the United Kingdom, used as the title of, or a name for, a woman of noble rank: Sir James and Lady Brown; lords and ladies.) Lady•- ladylike- Ladyship
- ladybird* * *['leidi]1) (a more polite form of woman: Tell that child to stand up and let that lady sit down; The lady in the flower shop said that roses are expensive just now; Ladies' shoes are upstairs in this shop; ( also adjective) a lady doctor.) dame; dame-; kvindelig2) (a woman of good manners and refined behaviour: Be quiet! Ladies do not shout in public.) dame3) (in the United Kingdom, used as the title of, or a name for, a woman of noble rank: Sir James and Lady Brown; lords and ladies.) Lady•- ladylike- Ladyship
- ladybird -
5 lady
noun1) Dame, die; (English, American, etc. also) Lady, dielady-in-waiting — (Brit.) Hofdame, die
ladies' hairdresser — Damenfriseur, der
2)‘Ladies’ — "Damen"
4) (Brit.) as title5) (ruling woman) Herrin, dielady of the house — Dame des Hauses
Our Lady — (Relig.) Unsere Liebe Frau
6) attrib. (female)lady clerk — Angestellte, die
lady doctor — Ärztin, die
lady friend — Freundin, die. See also academic.ru/27527/first">first 2. 1)
* * *['leidi]1) (a more polite form of woman: Tell that child to stand up and let that lady sit down; The lady in the flower shop said that roses are expensive just now; Ladies' shoes are upstairs in this shop; ( also adjective) a lady doctor.) die Dame, weiblich2) (a woman of good manners and refined behaviour: Be quiet! Ladies do not shout in public.) die Dame3) (in the United Kingdom, used as the title of, or a name for, a woman of noble rank: Sir James and Lady Brown; lords and ladies.) die Lady•- ladylike- Ladyship
- ladybird* * *[ˈleɪdi]n\Lady Diana Spencer Lady Diana Spencermy \Lady Mylady2. RELOur \Lady Unsere Liebe Frau, die Jungfrau Maria* * *['leIdɪ]n1) Dame fwhere is the ladies or the ladies' room? — wo ist die Damentoilette?
ladies and gentlemen! — sehr geehrte Damen und Herren!, meine Damen und Herren!
ladies,... — meine Damen,...
the minister and his lady your good lady (hum, form) — der Minister und seine Gattin Ihre Frau Gemahlin (hum, form)
young lady — junge Dame; (scoldingly) mein Fräulein
ladies' bicycle — Damen( fahr)rad nt
2) (= noble) Adlige fdinner is served, my lady — es ist angerichtet, Mylady or gnädige Frau
3)Our Lady — die Jungfrau Maria, Unsere Liebe Frau
* * *lady [ˈleıdı]A s1. allg Dame f:a) junge Dame,b) (tadelnd etc) mein Fräulein;his young lady umg seine (kleine) Freundin;2. Dame f (ohne Zusatz als Anrede für Frauen im Allgemeinen nur im pl üblich, im sg poet oder besonders US sl):ladies and gentlemen meine Damen und Herren!;c) (vor dem Vornamen) für die Tochter eines Duke, Marquis oder Earld) (vor dem Familiennamen) als Höflichkeitstitel für die Frau eines Baronet oder Knight4. Herrin f, Gebieterin f (poet außer in):lady of the manor Grundherrin (unter dem Feudalsystem);our sovereign lady die Königin5. obs Geliebte f6. obs oder sl ( außer wenn auf eine Inhaberin des Titels Lady angewandt) Gattin f, Frau f, Gemahlin f:your good lady Ihre Frau Gemahlin;the old lady hum meine Altechurch of Our Lady Marien-, Frauenkirche f“Ladies” (Aufschrift) „Damen“9. ZOOL hum (eine) Sie, Weibchen nB adj weiblich:lady doctor Ärztin f;lady friend Freundin f;lady president Präsidentin f;* * *noun1) Dame, die; (English, American, etc. also) Lady, dielady-in-waiting — (Brit.) Hofdame, die
ladies' hairdresser — Damenfriseur, der
2)‘Ladies’ — "Damen"
4) (Brit.) as title5) (ruling woman) Herrin, dieOur Lady — (Relig.) Unsere Liebe Frau
6) attrib. (female)lady clerk — Angestellte, die
lady doctor — Ärztin, die
lady friend — Freundin, die. See also first 2. 1)
* * *n.Dame -n f. -
6 bruto
adj.1 stupid, blockhead, ignorant, brute.2 raw.3 animal, beast.4 brute, impetuous.5 gross.m.1 brute, beast, oaf.2 Brutus, Marcus Junius Brutus.* * *► adjetivo1 (cruel) brutal2 (necio) stupid, thick3 (tosco) rough, coarse4 (torpe) clumsy5 (grosero) rude6 (sueldo etc) gross7 (peso) gross8 (piedra) rough, uncut9 (petróleo) crude► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 (animal) beast————————1 (animal) beast* * *1. (f. - bruta)adj.1) gross, raw2) brutish, stupid2. (f. - bruta)nounbrute, beast* * *SM Brutus* * *I- ta adjetivo1) < persona>a) ( ignorante) ignorantb) ( grosero) uncouthc) (violento, brusco)qué hombre más bruto! ha vuelto a pegarle — what a brute! o what an animal! he's hit her again
2) <peso/sueldo> grossII- ta masculino, femeninoa) ( ignorante) ignorant person¿cómo aprobaron a un bruto como él? — how could they pass someone as ignorant o as stupid as him?
b) ( grosero)c) ( persona violenta) brute, animal* * *= grossed-up, crude [cruder -comp., crudest -sup.], brute, brutish.Ex. Applying a factor of 1.441 for 1979 to give the grossed-up estimates, the total grossed-up turnover figure for the year was Table 3.Ex. Some unfortunate children grow up as readers of James Bond, of dashing thrillers and the blood-and-guts of crude war stories.Ex. It is often held that brute animals cannot have legal rights.Ex. In his most famous work, the Leviathan, Hobbes famously argued that life in the state of nature is 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short'.----* datos en bruto = raw data.* estimación bruta = grossed-up estimate.* fuerza bruta = brute power.* ganancia bruta = gross profit.* hierro bruto = pig iron.* hierro en bruto = pig iron.* * *I- ta adjetivo1) < persona>a) ( ignorante) ignorantb) ( grosero) uncouthc) (violento, brusco)qué hombre más bruto! ha vuelto a pegarle — what a brute! o what an animal! he's hit her again
2) <peso/sueldo> grossII- ta masculino, femeninoa) ( ignorante) ignorant person¿cómo aprobaron a un bruto como él? — how could they pass someone as ignorant o as stupid as him?
b) ( grosero)c) ( persona violenta) brute, animal* * *= grossed-up, crude [cruder -comp., crudest -sup.], brute, brutish.Ex: Applying a factor of 1.441 for 1979 to give the grossed-up estimates, the total grossed-up turnover figure for the year was Table 3.
Ex: Some unfortunate children grow up as readers of James Bond, of dashing thrillers and the blood-and-guts of crude war stories.Ex: It is often held that brute animals cannot have legal rights.Ex: In his most famous work, the Leviathan, Hobbes famously argued that life in the state of nature is 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short'.* datos en bruto = raw data.* estimación bruta = grossed-up estimate.* fuerza bruta = brute power.* ganancia bruta = gross profit.* hierro bruto = pig iron.* hierro en bruto = pig iron.* * *A ‹persona›3(violento, brusco): ¡ay, perdón! ¡qué bruto que soy! oh, sorry! I'm so clumsy o careless!¡qué hombre más bruto! ha vuelto a pegarle what a brute! o an animal! he's hit her againB ‹peso/sueldo› grossen bruto ‹diamante› uncut;‹mineral› crudeC ( delante del n)( RPl fam) (enorme): gana bruto sueldo she earns a hell of a salary ( colloq), she earns a terrific o an enormous o an incredible salarymasculine, feminine1 (ignorante) ignorant person¿cómo aprobaron a un bruto como él? how could they pass someone as ignorant o as stupid as him?2(grosero): es un bruto he's very rude3 (persona violenta) brute, animalel bruto de su primo lo empujó por las escaleras that brute o lout of a cousin of his pushed him down the stairs* * *
Multiple Entries:
Bruto
bruto
bruto◊ -ta adjetivo
1 ‹ persona›
b) (violento, brusco):◊ ¡qué bruto! what a brute!
2 ‹peso/sueldo› gross;
‹ mineral› crude
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
bruto,-a
I adjetivo
1 (poco inteligente) stupid, thick
2 (grosero) coarse, uncouth
3 (sin descuentos) gross
4 (peso) gross 5 diamante en bruto, uncut diamond
fig (persona) rough diamond
II sustantivo masculino y femenino blockhead, brute
' bruto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bruta
- PIB
- PNB
- producto
- salvaje
- troglodita
- vándala
- vándalo
- bárbaro
- peso
English:
beast
- brute
- brutish
- GDP
- GNP
- gross
- Gross National Product
- pig-ignorant
- thug
- uncut
- unrefined
* * *Bruto n prBrutus* * *I adj1 brutish;a lo bruto using brute force2 ( inculto) ignorant3 ( torpe) clumsy4 COM gross;peso bruto gross weight5 diamante uncut;* * *bruto, -ta adj1) : grosspeso bruto: gross weightingresos brutos: gross income2) : unrefinedpetróleo bruto: crude oil3) : brutish, stupidbruto, -ta n1) : brute2) : dunce, blockhead* * *bruto1 adjno seas bruto: la llave se mete al revés don't be stupid: the key goes in the other way2. (bestia) rough¡qué bruto eres: me has hecho daño! you're so rough: you've hurt me!3. (peso, ingresos) grossbruto2 n1. (idiota) idiot2. (bestia) brute -
7 lady
'leidi1) (a more polite form of woman: Tell that child to stand up and let that lady sit down; The lady in the flower shop said that roses are expensive just now; Ladies' shoes are upstairs in this shop; (also adjective) a lady doctor.) señora, dama2) (a woman of good manners and refined behaviour: Be quiet! Ladies do not shout in public.) dama3) (in the United Kingdom, used as the title of, or a name for, a woman of noble rank: Sir James and Lady Brown; lords and ladies.) lady•- ladylike- Ladyship
- ladybird
lady n señora / mujerLadies and gentlemen... Señoras y señores...tr['leɪdɪ]1 (title) lady nombre femenino1) : señora f, dama f2) woman: mujer fn.• dama s.f.• doña s.f.• señora s.f.'leɪdi1)a) ( woman) señora f, dama f (frml)ladies and gentlemen — señoras y señores, damas y caballeros
ladies first! — primero las damas or señoras!
an old lady — una señora mayor; (before n)
lady mayoress — (BrE) alcaldesa f
b) ( refined woman) señora f, dama fc) (AmE colloq) (as form of address) señorad) ( appreciative use) mujer f2) ( noblewoman or wife of a knight) lady f3) ( Relig)['leɪdɪ]1. N1) (=woman) señora f, dama f frmladies' clothing — ropa f de señora
ladies' hairdresser — peluquero(-a) m / f de señoras
ladies first — las damas or las señoras primero
ladies and gentlemen! — ¡señoras y señores!, ¡damas y caballeros!
•
an old lady — una señora mayor•
this is the young lady who served me — esta es la señorita or la joven que me sirviónow listen here, young lady! — ¡escúchame, jovencita!
2) (=educated woman, noblewoman) dama f•
she's no lady — no es lo que se dice una dama•
she's a real lady — es toda una dama3) (in titles)what seems to be the trouble, lady? — ¿qué ocurre, señora?
5) † (=wife) señora f, esposa f•
your good lady — su esposa, su señora6) (Rel)7)the ladies — (=lavatory) el servicio (de señoras), el baño (de señoras) (LAm)
Ladies — Señoras, Damas
2.CPDladies' room N — servicio m de señoras, baño m de señoras (LAm)
Lady Chapel N — (Rel) capilla f de la Virgen
Lady Day N — (Brit) día m de la Anunciación (25 de marzo)
lady doctor N — doctora f, médico f
lady friend N — amiga f
lady mayoress N — alcaldesa f
lady's fingers NPL — (Bot) (with sing or pl vb) quingombó m
lady's maid N — doncella f
* * *['leɪdi]1)a) ( woman) señora f, dama f (frml)ladies and gentlemen — señoras y señores, damas y caballeros
ladies first! — primero las damas or señoras!
an old lady — una señora mayor; (before n)
lady mayoress — (BrE) alcaldesa f
b) ( refined woman) señora f, dama fc) (AmE colloq) (as form of address) señorad) ( appreciative use) mujer f2) ( noblewoman or wife of a knight) lady f3) ( Relig) -
8 Lady
-
9 lady
'leidi1) (a more polite form of woman: Tell that child to stand up and let that lady sit down; The lady in the flower shop said that roses are expensive just now; Ladies' shoes are upstairs in this shop; ( also adjective) a lady doctor.) dame, frue2) (a woman of good manners and refined behaviour: Be quiet! Ladies do not shout in public.) dame3) (in the United Kingdom, used as the title of, or a name for, a woman of noble rank: Sir James and Lady Brown; lords and ladies.) lady•- ladylike- Ladyship
- ladybirddameIsubst. \/ˈleɪdɪ\/1) ( høytidelig eller gammeldags) dame2) ( også lady friend) venninne (kvinnelig kjæreste), elskerinne, dame3) (gammeldags, om ektefelle) frue, hustru, kone4) (særlig amer., hverdagslig)forklaring: tiltaleform, ofte nedlatende eller irritert• listen, lady, I think you should mind your own business5) ( britisk) adelskvinne, kvinne av fornem familieit isn't over until the fat lady sings ( hverdagslig) det er fremdeles tid igjen, det er ikke slutt ennå• sit still, we can`t go till the fat lady singssitt stille, vi kan ikke gå før det er sluttLadies (tar verb i entall, hverdagslig) dametoalett, damer (på skilt)ladies and gentlemen ( tiltale) mine damer og herrerladies who lunch ( hverdagslig) forklaring: velstående kvinner som bruker tiden til å spise lunsjLady ( gammeldags) fru( tittel på adelig kvinne) ladyLady Bountiful (hverdagslig, ofte nedsettende) velgjørerinne, god fe, forklaring: kvinne som driver veldedighetlady of the house fruen i husetlady of the manor slottsfruenlady's\/ladies' dame-, kvinne-My Lady ( i tiltale) fru(e), forklaring: høflig måte å tiltale kvinnelige dommere og enkelte adelige kvinner påOur Lady Vår Frue, Jomfru MariaIIadj. \/ˈleɪdɪ\/( gammeldags) kvinnelig• surprisingly, the novel was written by a lady author -
10 opération
fхирургическая операция, оперативное вмешательство- opération d'Albarran
- opération d'Albée-Delbet
- opération d'Albée-Neuhauser
- opération d'Albert
- opération d'Allaines et Contiades
- opération d'Allaines et Pointeau
- opération d'Allan
- opération d'Allen
- opération d'Allingham
- opération Toupet
- opération d'André Toupet
- opération d'Anel
- opération d'Annandale
- opération d'Antyllus
- opération d'Arnous et Gibert
- opération de Babcock
- opération de Babcock-Bacon
- opération de Bachy
- opération de Bacon
- opération de Baldy-Dartigues
- opération de Baldwin
- opération de Balfour
- opération de Bail
- opération de Bankart
- opération de Barker
- opération de Barnhard
- opération de Barraquer
- opération de Barraya
- opération de Barret
- opération de Bary
- opération de Basset
- opération de Bassini
- opération de Baumgartner
- opération de Beatson
- opération de Bergeret
- opération de Bergeret et Champeau
- opération de Bertrand
- opération de Beyea
- opération de Bijork et Graford
- opération de Billroth deuxième manière
- opération de Billroth première manière
- opération de Billroth I
- opération de Billroth II
- opération de Bircher
- opération de Bissel
- opération de Blakemore-Lord
- opération de Blalock
- opération de Blalock-Taussig
- opération de Bloch-Mikulicz
- opération de Bloodgood
- opération de Boari
- opération de Boll
- opération de Bobroff
- opération de Boerema
- opération de Boiffin
- opération de Bonney
- opération de Bonvallet
- opération de Bouilly-Wolkmann
- opération de Brackett
- opération de Brandt
- opération de Brasdor
- opération de Braun
- opération de Bricker
- opération de Brittain
- opération de Brock
- opération de Brockman
- opération de Brown
- opération de Brunn
- opération de Buck
- opération de Cabanie
- opération de Caby et Paya
- opération de Cadenat
- opération de Caldwell-Luc
- opération de Campbell
- opération de Capette et Berger
- opération de Carden
- opération de Carnochan
- opération de Cattell
- opération de Cauchoix et Benassy
- opération de César Roux
- opération césarienne
- opération césarienne basse
- opération césarienne corporéale
- opération césarienne extrapéritonéale
- opération césarienne haute
- opération césarienne isthmique
- opération césarienne mutilatrice
- opération césarienne répétée
- opération césarienne segmentaire
- opération césarienne suprapubienne
- opération césarienne transpéritonéale
- opération césarienne vaginale
- opération de Champeau
- opération de Champeau et Pineau
- opération de Chaput
- opération de Charles-Bloch
- opération de Charles Horace Mayo
- opération de Charniey
- opération de Cheyne
- opération de Chiene
- opération de Chigot
- Garnier et Cloutier
- opération de Child
- opération de Child-Phillipps
- opération de Clagett
- opération de Cockett
- opération de Coffey
- opération de Cohen
- opération de Cohn
- opération de Cole
- opération de Collins
- opération de Colonna
- opération de Condomine
- opération de Conklin
- opération de Connel
- opération de Constantini
- opération de Cooper
- opération de Coquelet
- opération de Corachan
- opération cosmétique
- opération de Cotting
- opération de Couinaud
- opération de Crafoord
- opération de Crafoord-Gross
- opération de Crawford-Adams
- opération de Cripp
- opération de Critchett
- opération de Croise
- opération de Cunéo
- opération de Cunéo et Senèque
- opération de Cunéo et Soupault
- opération de Cushing
- opération de Cutler
- opération de Czerny
- opération de Dane
- opération de Dandy
- opération de Daviel
- opération de Debeyre et Levitan
- opération de Debeyre et Sterboul
- opération de Delafontaine
- opération de De Lapersonne
- opération de Delbet
- opération de Delbet et Vadder
- opération de De Lima
- opération de Delorme
- opération de Deloyers
- opération de Delpech
- opération de Del Toro
- opération de Denker
- opération de Dennis
- opération de Depage-Janeway
- opération de Desjardins
- opération en deux temps
- opération diagnostique
- opération de Dickson
- opération de Dickson-O'Dell
- opération de Didot
- opération de Dieffenbach
- opération de Dogliotti
- opération de Doubilet
- opération de Doubilet et Mulholland
- opération de Dowell
- opération de Dragstedt
- opération de drainage
- opération de Drummond-Morison
- opération de Dubau
- opération de Duhrssen
- opération de Dujarier
- opération de Dunn
- opération de Dupuy-Dutemps
- opération de Duval-Barastu
- opération de Duvergey
- opération de Dwyer
- opération d'Edebolhs
- opération d'Eden-Hyblinette
- opération d'Edouard Quenu
- opération sans effusion de sang
- opération d'Eiselsberg
- opération d'Eloesser
- opération d'Emanuel John Seun
- opération d'Emmel et Le Cocq
- opération d'Emmet
- opération endovésicale
- opération d'Engel-Soupault
- opération d'Errico
- opération d'essai
- opération d'Estlander
- opération d'Evans
- opération de Felizet
- opération de Fevre et Laurens
- opération de Finney
- opération de Finsterer
- opération de Foley
- opération de Fontan
- opération de Forgue
- opération de Förster
- opération de Förster-Dandy
- opération de Förster-Penfield
- opération de Fowler
- opération de Frank
- opération de Frasier
- opération de Fredet
- opération de Friedrich
- opération de Freyer
- opération de Fritsch
- opération à froid
- opération de Frommel
- opération de Furneaux-Jordan
- opération de Gabriel
- opération de Gaenslen
- opération de Gallie
- opération de Gallie-Le Mesurier
- opération de Gant
- opération de Garlock
- opération de Garnier
- opération de Gatellier
- opération de Gavrilin
- opération de Gersuni-Welti
- opération de Gibbon et Freeman
- opération de Gluck
- opération de Goebbel-Stoeckel
- opération de Goetre
- opération Goinard
- opération de Grad
- opération de Graham et Lefèvre
- opération de Grimson
- opération de Gross et Hubland
- opération de Grunert-Lombart-Rouget
- opération de Gueullette
- opération de Guibe-Proust-Forgue
- opération Guillaume et Sigwald
- opération de Guillemin et Bessot
- opération de Guleke
- opération de Gussenbauer
- opération de Gussenbauer et Winiwarter
- opération de Guyon-Pasteau
- opération gynécologique
- opération de Habérer
- opération de Haglund
- opération de Hahn
- opération de Halstead
- opération de Handley
- opération de Hartmann
- opération de Haynes
- opération de Heineke
- opération de Heineke-Mikulicz
- opération de Heller
- opération de Hendelson
- opération de Henle
- opération de Henley
- opération de Hepp et Coninaud
- opération de Hey-Groves
- opération de Heyrovski
- opération de Hibbs
- opération de Hinton et Lord
- opération de Hochenegg
- opération de Hodgson
- opération de Hoffa-Lorenz
- opération de Hoffman
- opération de Hofmeister-Finsterer
- opération de Horsley
- opération de Huc
- opération de Hueter
- opération de Hufnagel
- opération de Hugon
- opération de Hunnicut-Marshalle-Lee
- opération de Hunter
- opération de Jacobaeu
- opération de Jean Quene
- opération de Jadlicka
- opération de Jelks
- opération de Jianu
- opération de Judd
- opération de Judet
- opération de Judine
- opération de Juracz
- opération de Kader
- opération de Kahn
- opération de Kapandji-Sauvé
- opération de Kauffman
- opération de Keetley
- opération de Kehr
- opération de Kehrer
- opération de Keith-Haight
- opération de Kelling-Madlener
- opération de King
- opération de Kirschner
- opération de Kocher
- opération de Kocher-Cunéo
- opération de Koenig
- opération de Kondoleon
- opération de Kovacs
- opération de Kraske
- opération de Krause
- opération de Krogins-Lecène
- opération de Krönlein
- opération de Krukenberg
- opération de Kuntscher
- opération de Lable
- opération de Ladd
- opération de Lagrot
- opération de Lahaut
- opération de Lahey
- opération de Lahey et Cattell
- opération de Lamas-Mondino
- opération de Lampert
- opération de Lamson
- opération de Landau
- opération de Lane
- opération de Lanz
- opération de Lanzillo
- opération de Lardennois et Okinczuc
- opération de Larrey
- opération de Lebsche
- opération de Lee
- opération de Lefèvre
- opération de Léger et Kanour
- opération de Lennander
- opération de Lenormant
- opération de Leriche
- opération de Leriche et Fontaine
- opération de Lester
- opération d'Ivor Lewis
- opération de Lexer-Grégoire
- opération de Linton
- opération de Lisfranc
- opération de Littler
- opération de Littre
- opération de Livio-Lision
- opération de Lockhart-Mummery
- opération de Longmire
- opération de Longmire et Sanford
- opération de Lortat-Jacob
- opération de Lucas-Championnière
- opération de Luck-Merle d'Aubigne
- opération de Ludloff
- opération de MacBurney
- opération de McDermott
- opération de Magnison
- opération de Maisonneuve
- opération de Malgaine
- opération de Mallet-Guy
- opération de Mande
- opération de Maquet
- opération de Marchand
- opération de Marion
- opération de Marseille-Duval
- opération de Marshall-Marchetti
- opération de Marwedel
- opération de Massabonu-Toboda
- opération de Massarenti
- opération de Matas
- opération de Matas-Bickham
- opération de Mau
- opération de Maurer
- opération Max Peet
- opération de Maydl
- opération de Mercier
- opération de Mercier-Fauteux
- opération de Merle d'Aubigné
- opération de Merle d'Aubigné et Joussemet
- opération de Michette
- opération microchirurgicale
- opération de Mikulicz
- opération de Milch
- opération de Miles
- opération de Milibourn
- opération de Mirizzi
- opération de Monprofit
- opération de Moore-Corradi
- opération de Morestin
- opération de Morestin-Brown
- opération de Morrison-Terrier
- opération de Moroney
- opération de Moschcowitz
- opération de Mouchet-Camey
- opération de Moynihan
- opération de Mules
- opération de Muller
- opération de A W.H. Muller
- opération de Müller-Savariaud
- opération de Murphy
- opération de Naef
- opération de Nassilov
- opération de Nesbit
- opération de nécessité
- opération de Neuhot
- opération de Nicol et Javalet
- opération de Nissen
- opération de Noble
- opération de Nuboer
- opération obstétrique
- opération d'Ochsner
- opération d'Ody
- opération d'Ollier
- opération d'Ombrédanne
- opération d'Oudard
- opération de Orr-Loyge
- opération d'Overholt
- opération d'Owens
- opération de Page-Scaglietti-J. Gosset
- opération palliative
- opération de Palma
- opération de Papineau
- opération de Paraskeras
- opération de Panchet
- opération de Paul
- opération de Payr
- opération de Pean
- opération de Petit et Decandaveine
- opération de Phemister
- opération de Pierre Duval
- opération de Pierre Duval et Raymond Grégoire
- opération de Piqué
- opération planifiée
- opération plastique
- opération en plusieurs temps
- opération de Politano et de Leadbetter
- opération de Pollock
- opération de Polya
- opération de Porro
- opération de Portes
- opération de Portmann
- opération de Posta
- opération de Potts
- opération de Potts - Smith - Gibson
- opération de Pourpre
- opération de Pribram
- opération de Purmann
- opération purulente
- opération de Putti-Platt
- opération de Puussepp
- opération de Quenu
- opération de E. Quenu et P. Duval
- opération de Quervain
- opération radicale
- opération de Rankin
- opération de Récamier
- opération de Reclus et Mocquot
- opération de reconstruction
- opération de Rehn
- opération de Réthi
- opération de Reybard
- opération de Reynolds
- opération de Ricard et Chevrier
- opération de Riedel
- opération de Rienhoff
- opération de Robinson
- opération de Roger-Solieri
- opération de Rosanov
- opération de Rose
- opération de Rosen
- opération Routier
- opération de Rovsing
- opération de Roux-Picot
- opération de Rudler
- opération de Ruggi
- opération de Rydygier
- opération sanglante
- opération de Santy
- opération de Santy et Ballivet
- opération de Santy et Duroux
- opération de Santy, Marion et Termet
- opération de Sasse
- opération de Sauerbruch
- opération de Sauvage
- Dufourmentel et Duchet
- opération de Scarpa
- opération de Schede
- opération de Sheldon
- opération de Schiassi
- opération de Schmiden
- opération de Schoemaker
- opération de Schroder
- opération de Schubert
- opération de Schuchardt et Schauta
- opération de Seely et Lollinger
- opération de Sénèque
- opération Sicard
- opération de Sicard et Leca
- opération de Sicard et Robineau
- opération de Simon-Marckwald
- opération de Smith-Petersen
- opération de Soupault
- opération de Soupault et Bucaille
- opération de Soupault et Coninand
- opération de Soupault et Mouchet
- opération de Soupault et Sultan
- opération de Sourdille
- opération de Spiller-Martin
- opération de Stamm
- opération de Steinberg
- opération de Steinberg-Engel
- opération stéréotaxique du cerveau
- opération de Stoffel
- opération de Stone
- opération de Stromeyer-Little
- opération de Swan
- opération de Swelt
- opération de Swenson
- opération de Taarnhö
- opération de Tait
- opération de Talma
- opération de Tansini
- opération de Taranto
- opération en un temps
- opération de Thorek
- opération de Tomoda
- opération de Torkildsen
- opération de R. Toupet
- opération de Touroff
- opération de Trendelenburg
- opération de Turnbull
- opération de Turner
- opération urgente
- opération de Valdoni
- opération de Villard
- opération de Vineberg
- opération de Wagner
- opération selon Wallace
- opération de Walther-Ombrédanne
- opération de Wangensteen
- opération de Wardrop
- opération de Warren
- opération de Waugh
- opération de Welti
- opération de Wendel
- opération de Wertheim
- opération de Whipple
- opération de Whitehead
- opération de Whitman
- opération de William James Mayo
- opération de Winiwarter
- opération de Witzel
- opération de Wolff
- opération de Wookey
- opération de Wullstein-Lexer
- opération de Wylie
- opération de Zeller
- opération de Zollinger -
11 lady
['leidi]1) (a more polite form of woman: Tell that child to stand up and let that lady sit down; The lady in the flower shop said that roses are expensive just now; Ladies' shoes are upstairs in this shop; ( also adjective) a lady doctor.) dama, kona2) (a woman of good manners and refined behaviour: Be quiet! Ladies do not shout in public.) dama, háttvís kona3) (in the United Kingdom, used as the title of, or a name for, a woman of noble rank: Sir James and Lady Brown; lords and ladies.) lafði•- ladylike- Ladyship
- ladybird -
12 lady
hölgy* * *['leidi]1) (a more polite form of woman: Tell that child to stand up and let that lady sit down; The lady in the flower shop said that roses are expensive just now; Ladies' shoes are upstairs in this shop; ( also adjective) a lady doctor.) hölgy2) (a woman of good manners and refined behaviour: Be quiet! Ladies do not shout in public.) hölgy3) (in the United Kingdom, used as the title of, or a name for, a woman of noble rank: Sir James and Lady Brown; lords and ladies.) Lady (angol cím)•- ladylike- Ladyship
- ladybird -
13 lady
['leidi]1) (a more polite form of woman: Tell that child to stand up and let that lady sit down; The lady in the flower shop said that roses are expensive just now; Ladies' shoes are upstairs in this shop; ( also adjective) a lady doctor.) senhora2) (a woman of good manners and refined behaviour: Be quiet! Ladies do not shout in public.) senhora3) (in the United Kingdom, used as the title of, or a name for, a woman of noble rank: Sir James and Lady Brown; lords and ladies.) Lady•- ladylike- Ladyship
- ladybird* * *la.dy[l'eidi] n (pl ladies) 1 senhora, dama, fidalga. 2 esposa, dona da casa. 3 Lady título de nobreza. 4 amada, namorada, amante. Lady in the Chair Astr Cassiopéia: constelação boreal. lady of the house dona de casa. Our Lady Nossa Senhora. -
14 lady
adj. kadın————————n. leydi, hanımefendi, bayan, eş, hanım* * *1. bayan 2. hanım* * *['leidi]1) (a more polite form of woman: Tell that child to stand up and let that lady sit down; The lady in the flower shop said that roses are expensive just now; Ladies' shoes are upstairs in this shop; ( also adjective) a lady doctor.) hanım2) (a woman of good manners and refined behaviour: Be quiet! Ladies do not shout in public.) hanımefendi3) (in the United Kingdom, used as the title of, or a name for, a woman of noble rank: Sir James and Lady Brown; lords and ladies.) Leydi•- ladylike- Ladyship
- ladybird -
15 lady
['leidi]1) (a more polite form of woman: Tell that child to stand up and let that lady sit down; The lady in the flower shop said that roses are expensive just now; Ladies' shoes are upstairs in this shop; ( also adjective) a lady doctor.) gospa, ženska; ženski2) (a woman of good manners and refined behaviour: Be quiet! Ladies do not shout in public.) dama3) (in the United Kingdom, used as the title of, or a name for, a woman of noble rank: Sir James and Lady Brown; lords and ladies.) Lady; dama•- ladylike- Ladyship
- ladybird* * *I [léidi]noungospa, dama; plemkinja; naslov za žene angl. plemičev (nižjih od vojvod) in hčerke vojvod, markizov in grofov; gospodaricapoetically ženska; vulgar & archaic žena, soproga, zaročenka, draga, ljubljenka; za označevanje poklicev ženskega spola ( lady-doctor — zdravnica, lady-president — predsednica); colloquially his young lady — njegovo deklehumorously the old lady — moja "stara"Our Lady — Naša Gospa, mati božjaAmerican ladies' room — javno stranišče za ženskeII [léidi]intransitive verb to lady it — igrati damo -
16 lady
• rouva• rouvashenkilö• hienohelma• hieno nainen• daami• aatelisnainen• täti• nais• naistenhuone• nainen• lady* * *'leidi1) (a more polite form of woman: Tell that child to stand up and let that lady sit down; The lady in the flower shop said that roses are expensive just now; Ladies' shoes are upstairs in this shop; ( also adjective) a lady doctor.) nainen, rouva2) (a woman of good manners and refined behaviour: Be quiet! Ladies do not shout in public.) hieno nainen3) (in the United Kingdom, used as the title of, or a name for, a woman of noble rank: Sir James and Lady Brown; lords and ladies.) lady•- ladylike- Ladyship
- ladybird -
17 lady
['leɪdɪ] 1.1) (woman) signora f., dama f.behave yourself, young lady! — (to child) comportati bene, signorina!
she's a real lady — fig. è una vera signora
2) BE (in titles)2.nome plurale Ladies (on toilets) donne f., signore f.* * *['leidi]1) (a more polite form of woman: Tell that child to stand up and let that lady sit down; The lady in the flower shop said that roses are expensive just now; Ladies' shoes are upstairs in this shop; ( also adjective) a lady doctor.) signora, donna2) (a woman of good manners and refined behaviour: Be quiet! Ladies do not shout in public.) signora3) (in the United Kingdom, used as the title of, or a name for, a woman of noble rank: Sir James and Lady Brown; lords and ladies.) Lady•- ladylike- Ladyship
- ladybird* * *['leɪdɪ] 1.1) (woman) signora f., dama f.behave yourself, young lady! — (to child) comportati bene, signorina!
she's a real lady — fig. è una vera signora
2) BE (in titles)2.nome plurale Ladies (on toilets) donne f., signore f. -
18 lady
['leɪdɪ]nkobieta f, pani f ( polite); ( dignified etc) dama f; ( BRIT) ( title) lady f invladies and gentlemen, … — Panie i Panowie, …, Szanowni Państwo, …
* * *['leidi]1) (a more polite form of woman: Tell that child to stand up and let that lady sit down; The lady in the flower shop said that roses are expensive just now; Ladies' shoes are upstairs in this shop; ( also adjective) a lady doctor.) pani, dama2) (a woman of good manners and refined behaviour: Be quiet! Ladies do not shout in public.) dama3) (in the United Kingdom, used as the title of, or a name for, a woman of noble rank: Sir James and Lady Brown; lords and ladies.) Jej Lordowska Mość•- ladylike- Ladyship
- ladybird -
19 lady
['leidi]1) (a more polite form of woman: Tell that child to stand up and let that lady sit down; The lady in the flower shop said that roses are expensive just now; Ladies' shoes are upstairs in this shop; ( also adjective) a lady doctor.) kundze; dāma2) (a woman of good manners and refined behaviour: Be quiet! Ladies do not shout in public.) lēdija; dāma3) (in the United Kingdom, used as the title of, or a name for, a woman of noble rank: Sir James and Lady Brown; lords and ladies.) lēdija (tituls)•- ladylike- Ladyship
- ladybird* * *dāma, kundze, lēdija; saimniece; lēdija -
20 lady
['leidi]1) (a more polite form of woman: Tell that child to stand up and let that lady sit down; The lady in the flower shop said that roses are expensive just now; Ladies' shoes are upstairs in this shop; ( also adjective) a lady doctor.) ponia, moteris2) (a woman of good manners and refined behaviour: Be quiet! Ladies do not shout in public.) dama3) (in the United Kingdom, used as the title of, or a name for, a woman of noble rank: Sir James and Lady Brown; lords and ladies.) ledi•- ladylike- Ladyship
- ladybird
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См. также в других словарях:
James Noble (Senator) — James Noble James Noble (* 16. Dezember 1785 bei Berryville, Clarke County, Virginia; † 26. Februar 1831 in Washington D.C.) war ein US amerikanischer Politiker. Er war einer der beiden ersten US Senatoren für den … Deutsch Wikipedia
James Howard — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie différentes personnes partageant un même nom. James Howard (né en 1976), ancien catcheur américain mieux connu sous le nom de Jamie noble ; James Howard, acteur américain ; James Howard (1619… … Wikipédia en Français
James Gibson (catcheur) — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Gibson. James Gibson … Wikipédia en Français
James Clavell — Born 10 October 1924(1924 10 10) Sydney, Australia Died 7 September 1994(1994 09 07) (aged 69) Vevey, Switzerland Occupation novelist, screenwriter, director Nationality … Wikipedia
Noble Sissle — photo taken by Carl Van Vechten, 1951 Noble Sissle (July 10, 1889 – December 17, 1975) was an American jazz composer, lyricist, bandleader, singer and playwright … Wikipedia
Noble — ist der Name mehrerer Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten: Noble (Georgia) Noble (Illinois) Noble (Iowa) Noble (Kentucky) Noble (Louisiana) Noble (Missouri) Noble (Ohio) Noble (Oklahoma) Noble (Pennsylvania) Noble (Texas) Noble (Washington) Noble… … Deutsch Wikipedia
James Clavell — James Clavell, eigentlich Charles Edmund DuMaresq de Clavelle, (* 10. Oktober 1924 in Sydney, Australien; † 6. September 1994 in Vevey, Schweiz) war ein britisch amerikanischer Romanschriftsteller, Drehbuchautor und Regisseur, der in Deutschland… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Noble Ellington — Noble Edward Ellington, II Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 20th district Incumbent Assumed office January 14, 2008 Preceded by Lelon Kenney Succeeded by … Wikipedia
Noble — may refer to: Nobility, a hereditary caste Noble gas, chemical elements in group 18 (old style Group 0) of the periodic table Noble metal, metals that are resistant to corrosion or oxidation Noble polyhedron, polyhedra which are isohedral (face… … Wikipedia
James Noble Tyner — (* 17. Januar 1826 in Brookville, Franklin County, Indiana; † 5. Dezember 1904 in Washington D.C.) war ein US amerikanischer … Deutsch Wikipedia
James Reese Europe — durant la 1ere guerre mondiale Naissance 22 février 1880 Mobile, Alabama Pays d’origine … Wikipédia en Français
